Guskey is a professor of educational policy studies and evaluation, college of education, university of kentucky, lexington. And because each level builds on those that come before, success at one level is usually necessary for success at higher levels. Guskey describes the process for working backwards from level 5 the student learning outcomes that you want to achieve and through each successive level to what set of experiences will enable participants to acquire the needed knowledge and. Figure 2 evaluating professional development evaluation level questions addressed. High school english and mathematics teachers danielle l. Using assessments to improve teaching and learning by. Guskey the core elements of mastery learning provide the foundation for other innovative models, including response to intervention. Using standards and assessments to improve student learning. More and more educators at all levels are taking a serious look at grading and reporting. Identifying the desired level of learning is one way to start at the end. Then there are the teachers, who saw the benefits of this initiative and made the most of it.
Thomas guskey on mastery learning originally titled lessons of mastery learning among researchsupported strategies, says university of kentuckylexington professor thomas guskey, one of the most powerful is mastery learning. Hauser 154 pages august 2015 august 2015 the levels of use of formative assessment strategies and types of feedback by high school english and mathematics teachers were examined. The difficulty is figuring out how to weight and combine the different pieces that go into the final mark. Pdf evaluating professional development download full. Five levels of professional development evaluation guskey, 2002 evaluation level what questions are addressed. Level 4 is achieved if participants demonstrate the use of new knowledge and skills following the pd. An empirical validation of guskeys professional development. Clearly, then, no one method of evaluating professional development is appropriate for all or even any one professional development approach. Adult development, teacher development, and adult learning. A nonexperimental, quantitative survey approach was used to test whether the levels of use of formative. Few strategies have been implemented as broadly or evaluated as thoroughly during the last 40 years.
A model for evaluating science teacher professional. What are the best methods of evaluating the impact of. One of the most important contributors to that knowledge base was benjamin s. He has twice won the national staff development councils prestigious book of the year award and three times won the article of. Teachers answer their own critical questions how can i best support all learners in meeting and exceeding new standards. Professional development program evaluation arlington public. Five critical levels of professional development evaluation. Guskey suggests a system that not only avoids those problems but gives a better overall picture of a students performance than the traditional single letter grade. A critical pd characteristic in the itqg program that we evaluate, many of the funded pd projects look quite similar on the surface. Development procedures kentucky has adopted the common core state. Effective professional development evaluations require the collection and analysis of the five critical levels of information shown in figure 1 guskey, 2000a. Well, it seems that there are two approaches for evaluating the impact of pd. Many are considering revisions in grading policies and practices, and some have taken on the challenge of developing standardsbased report cards guskey, 2002, 2004.
Grading is one of the most hotly debated topics in. No one grading and reporting method serves all purposes well. Every year, educators are inundated with demands to implement new instructional interventions, all promising to improve student learning. In his book evaluating professional development, thomas guskey describes five levels of professional develop ment evaluation figure 2. In other words, success at one level is necessary for success at the levels that follow. Guskey the core elements of mastery learning provide the foundation for other. But be sure to start with the desired resultimproved student outcomes. What key instructional practices will lead to improvements in content knowledge, skills, and student. Do satisfaction level 1 and knowledge level 2 of guskeys model predict teacher practices level3 3. A graduate of the university of chicago, he has taught at all levels, served as an. Both report cards included guidelines for reporting on the achievement of students with disabilities and english learners in a standardsbased environment jung, 2009. This paper summarizes the results of a study in which those rasch model procedures are used to calibrate and then to link vertically.
Guskey is professor of educational psychology in the college of education at the university of kentucky, and widely known for his research in education reform, assessment, grading practices, and mastery learning. Below is a brief description of each of the five levels and its importance in the evaluation process. Resilience and learning pages 68 72 special topic the case against percentage grades thomas r. The team also developed a series of professional development programs to inform teachers and school leaders about the forms, their advantages and procedures for implementation. D e v e l o p i n g d i f f e r e n c e m a k e r s page 1 adult development, teacher development, and adult learning the traditional structure of professional development for teachers is a one sizefitsall. Guskey its time to abandon grading scales that distort the accuracy, objectivity, and reliability of students grades. The federal government, states, districts, schools, and other groups such as subjectmatter associations. Making high school grades meaningful allen county schools.
D e v e l o p i n g d i f f e r e n c e m a k e r s, l l c page 1 effective constructs of professional development according to the literature in the field of education, the professional development of teachers is one of the most effective methods of improving teacher quality, teacher practice, and student. Know the advantages and shortcomings of different grading methods and the implications of those methods for classroom policy and practice. Guskey is professor of educational psychology in the college of education at the university of kentucky. Theory, research, and implications abstract although much recent attention has focused on gaps in the achievement of different groups of students, the problem has been with us for decades. Page 5 last revised 7202016 choice retest practicemastery previously demonstrated applies to inclass tests one per nine weeks for block courses one per semester for yearlong courses one per nine weeks at the middle school level four per year high school credit bearing courses at the middle school will follow high school. Analysis of this information provides a basis for improving the content, format, and organization of the program or activities. Thomas guskey, a professor of education psychology at the university of kentuckys ollege of education. Although known primarily for his pioneering work developing the taxonomy of educational pdf processed with cutepdf evaluation edition.
Professional development and teacher change article pdf available in teachers and teaching 83. In evaluating professional development, there are five critical levels of information to consider. For example, inquiryresearch may employ selfreport, interview and observationfeedback combinations. Evaluating professional development arts integration framework. Guskey university of kentucky wright 1977 outlined procedures for equating tests and test scores using the rasch model. Selecting a verb to indicate the desired levels of learning is an important part of writing learning objectives. The five levels in this model are hierarchically arranged, from simple to more. Thomas guskey 1 for assessments to become an integral part of the instructional process, teachers need to change their approach in three important ways. Most teachers base students grades on more than one factor. Using five critical levels of evaluation, you can improve your schools professional development program. Assigning grades on the basis of precise levels of performance with regard to standards makes the task of grading more challenging thurlow, 2002.
Guskey college of education, university of kentucky, lexington, ky 40506 phone. Pdf on may 1, 2005, thomas r guskey and others published formative classroom assessment and benjamin s. But to be effective, grading policies and practices must be based on trustworthy research evidence. Guskey pointed out that to bloom, most teachers classroom assessments did little more than verify for whom their initial instruction was and was not appropriate p. In chapter 3, specific strategies for evaluating professional development activities are discussed, as well as issues related to their. Powell also acknowledged the role of the professional teaching standards board ptsb, of which she is a member. Select, identify, or group students for educational programs 4. Level 3 identifies specific ways the organizational structure has been supported changed. Guskey using five critical levels of evaluation, you can improve your schools professional development program. His research has widely impacted the development of evaluation instruments in a variety of business and educational environments. Educators have long considered professional development to be their rightsomething. This article describes a model of teacher change originally presented nearly two decades ago guskey, 1986 that began my. Provide information to students for selfevaluation 3.
Explore strategies for using professional judgment to ensure grades are fair, accurate, meaningful, and educationally sound. Communicate the achievement status of students to their parents and others 2. Assessment and grading have become a major focus in education reform. A graduate of the university of chicago, he began his career in education as a middle school teacher, served as an administrator in chicago public schools, and was the first director of the center for the improvement of teaching and. December 2015 national association of mathematics advisers page 2 of 9 there are clear links between a mastery curriculum, mastery teaching and mastery goals but the suggestion of a mastery level in assessment, above what is expected, is problematic due to the conflict between this idea and the idea of a mastery curriculum being one where all children learn what is. The power of thinking in terms of the five evaluation levels is engaging teachers in the planning of professional development activities. Whether switching from quarterback to tight end, adjusting the grip of a golf club, or initiating an inquiry procedure for science. Grading is one of the most hotly debated topics in education, and grading practices themselves are largely based on tradition, instinct, or personal history or philosophy. The most recent blog post, writing effective learning objectives, introduced the concept of starting with the end in mind. Author new perspectives on evaluating professional. Changing what we do, even slightly, can unbalance the rest of our game. With each succeeding level, the process of gathering evaluation data requires more time and resources.